Leadership Learning Journal Essay

As I ponder the readings of our course reading and the administration self-appraisals I have taken in a lot about myself concerning authority. I have a great deal of administration experience yet there are a few regions I have to take a shot at and improve. I’m not as versatile as I suspected I was on the grounds that one of the results of the tests was that like the vast majority I adapt well to some kind of difficulty, however not others. Normally I don’t concur with that result since I believe I handle nearly everything except for as I delve further into it and keep a receptive outlook I can sort of observe that. As indicated by DuBrin (2010) a large portion of my pioneers have been transformational pioneers dependent on the definition and the self-evaluation results (p. 77). I’m a participative pioneer, with normal situational viewpoint, have a top notch pioneer part trade, and functions admirably without anyone else yet additionally cooperates with other people. Another attribute that I learned I have to take a shot at is I’m possibly normal with regards to the information and aptitude to spur others while I thought I exceeded expectations and consistently spurred others. While perusing the sections we have up until this point and the different conversation loads up I have discovered that there are numerous approaches to be an exceptional pioneer and that there isn’t extremely one style that works for everybody and constantly. As a pioneer you need to consider the individuals your driving and what their capacities are while picking the best style in light of the fact that a style that may have worked at your last organization probably won't work at your next one. One of the greatest eye openers so far was the point at which we had the conversation task on way objective hypothesis. I felt that there was no chance that technique would work. Kid was I dead wrong since when it was expressed by Vandegrift and Matusitz (2011) that they directed an examination that applied the standards of way objective hypothesis to an eminent music recording organization, Columbia Records and that this hypothesis was utilized by them and was credited to their prosperity I knew then that I needed to remain open to any theory’s (p. 350). I don’t commonly prefer to peruse other at that point article on sports yet so far this course has been educational and will help me later on to sharpen my initiative aptitudes.

Managing Information Technology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Overseeing Information Technology - Coursework Example An additional component of official Information framework is its help for the graphical capacities portrayal. Dissimilar to the antecedent arrangement suppliers that just given information figures, this framework through the assistance of diagrams, correlation outlines and other comparative showcases make it conceivable understanding the situation in a superior way. Mix of the inward information with the outer factors is another element capacity of E.I.S. Making a spending that is in accordance with the requirements of the association is likewise made conceivable through this utility component framework. Attributable to their magnificent yield, their expanded efficiency and decreased problem, the bigger ventures and leader business trailblazers have received these frameworks into their systems. Information mining is a cutting edge pattern that has developed with the advancement of the data innovation based emotionally supportive networks. As the name would suggest, it is the examination and appraisal of the various factors and various information sheets and realities through a specific basic review and point of view. The two ideas are similarly interlaced, while information mining is identified with the dismembered and nitty gritty examination and appraisal of the general realities and information within reach, the information stockroom conversely fills in as a storehouse of data and by and large checking level apparatus and programming emotionally supportive network. Number of procedures and methodologies can be received concerning the information mining procedure and usage of the product. Two of the most regularly utilized procedures incorporate bunching and order strategies. Through the strategy of bunching diverse arrangement of factors might be united for an aggregate evaluation of key factors. The group procedure permits focusing on and isolating two arrangement of factors and responders in an informational collection gathered from an overview or some other observational investigation embraced. Pre assurance

Analytical Essay Topics: What You Need to Know

Analytical Essay Topics: What You Need to KnowAnalytical essay topics are one of the first things you will need to learn before you go off and begin writing essays for college. As you know, the topic of your essay is the backbone of your essay, and this is also where the majority of your work is going to lie.If you have strong communication skills, you can make your points in a number of ways, but generally you will use an analytical approach. First, you will write about the topic and then, based on your findings, you will write a conclusion. In this way, you are able to keep the topic of your essay in mind while you are writing.Analytical essay topics should be designed to help you gain insight into the topic at hand. They can help to clarify your subject and help you gain clarity when writing about it. The analytical essay topics should address the writer's knowledge of the topic, his or her ability to differentiate, and his or her ability to write effectively. A good analytic essa y topic can improve not only your writing ability but also your performance in the classroom.There are a number of styles of analytical essay topics. The first style is called an outline, and this is one of the easiest analytical essay topics to write. All you have to do is define the topic and then list the main points you want to make, and then proceed from there.It can also be possible to build your main idea into the writing as you go along, but this takes away the spontaneity that makes the initial writing process so interesting. An outline helps by allowing you to put together the main points and then form a conclusion that stands on its own.You will find that the easier your writing, the easier it will be to manage your ideas, and then the easier it will be to convert them into an outline. This way, you can write more of a coherent piece of writing than if you were to make an outline and then try to fit it into a coherent manner.The next style of analytical essay topics is kn own as a digression. This is done when you use a few sentences or even one paragraph of text to support your main point. You will use this information to further the argument you are making, but make sure you provide some kind of supporting evidence in the writing.The final style of analytical essay topics is the synthesis. In this style, you will use several different styles of writing and combine them together. You will use several different styles, such as essay examples, academic paper examples, and theses and dissertations.

Essay on The Immigrant Experience The Anguish of...

The Immigrant Experience: The Anguish of Becoming American Immigration from the Early 1990s still affects America today. The people who came to America from different countries brought their traditions, their families, and their culture. These three things stuck with them through thick and thin and are still thriving parts of what America is today. Many immigrants came with literally nothing in their pockets and had to work their way to success. The Immigrant Experience by Thomas Wheeler tells the story of nine different immigrants trials and tribulations of coming and living in America. Each immigrant went through different experiences of becoming American but they also had their similarities. Four things that attributed to the†¦show more content†¦This also provided a job opportunity for Jade. Not all of the immigrants owned their own business. Harry Roskolenkos (Jewish) father worked in a sweat shop. This not only physically made it harder for the family but, in his fathers old age, it mentally broke him down as well. Money was only one of many factors that affected immigrants coming to America. Most of the families had to steal food so that the family could have a sufficient dinner. Mario Puzo was in one of the families who stole food so they could eat. His uncle would bring home eggs from his work so they would have a little extra to eat each night. Also, without money you could not acquire a membership to the local library, therefore immigrants had a hard time finding books to read. Some immigrants did not need money and started in America with just a hole in the ground. Eugene Boe, a Norwegian, came to America to become a farmer. He headed for the west and claimed land. He completed his American dream without working in a city. He had to work in a small village to get enough money to get seed and things he needed, but after that his blood and sweat went into his riches. Money was not the only thing that played a role in the assimilation of immigrants. Each immigrant brought their own religion and traditions to America. A lot of immigrants looked to God for a hope that they will some day be out of the oppression and poverty. John Williams, who was black, went to church every Sunday andShow MoreRelated American Pastoral by Philip Roth Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesAllegra into his opera. A character who he had not intended to incorporate, the voice of Allegra cries ‘Why have you left me? Come and fetch me!’ , eerily paralleling the voice of nightmare-Lucy, and thus he is unable to ignore his grief any longer. In American Pastoral the reader begins to criticise the strength of the Swede, his fatal flaw being that he is too caring. An example of this is when Merry asks Swede to kiss her the way he kisses her mother and after an initial refusal, her father kisses herRead MoreLooking For Sanctuary : Mexico s Image Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesLooking for Sanctuary: Mexico’s Image in the African-American Press, 1910-1955 (Introduction) In 1952, a literary profile of Willard Motley appeared in the African-American publication Jet Magazine. The magazine reported that Motley had journeyed south of the U.S.-Mexico border to collect data for his next novel about how African Americans viewed Mexico. The profile on Motley was printed before he could recount his experience in the country, which he once stated gave him a new sense of belongingRead MoreGlobalization Is A Good Or Bad Thing Essay1946 Words   |  8 Pageswhether globalization is a good or bad thing. For many years, there have been concerns about whether globalization has an impact on language. How exactly can it affect a person, and if it does in what ways? 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However, the question, in an economy where young adults struggle to find desirable employment with desirable wages, is whether current situational conflicts experienced by American young adultsRead MoreGaddie-1 Meta Warrick Fuller’s sculpture â€Å"Ethiopia Awakening† served as a metaphoric yearning for2900 Words   |  12 PagesGaddie-1 Meta Warrick Fuller’s sculpture â€Å"Ethiopia Awakening† served as a metaphoric yearning for African culture, a symbolic image of emancipation, an awakening of African Americans diaspora identity, resurgence of Fuller’s artistic career and as a self-portrait of Fuller. The Progressive era, from 1890 to 1920, forms the backdrop to Fuller’s life and art. This period has come to symbolize the reform efforts of the middle class. White middle class progressives sought to reengineer industry andRead MoreEssay about Colin Powell: Transformational Leader2843 Words   |  12 Pagestruthfulness always. 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Life During Ww II By Anne Frank - 2084 Words

Wayne Mitchell Mrs. Sullivan ELA 12 April 22, 2015 Life in WW II Figures such as Hitler and his minions fought for the total elimination of all Jews. Anne Frank has the best documented survival story, which proves life will be hard to continue. The lives of many dead people make few turn to riches. Although WWII was a time of survival for many American Citizens, the life story of other leaders and casualties demonstrate how life will never be the same. Adolf Hitler son of Alois and Klara Hitler, was never a normal child. Being born in the Branau am Inn, Austria, on April 20, 1889, Adolf was the fourth child out of six. (Biography.com) At the age of three, the Hitlers moved to Germany. Having an ill temper, he would butt heads with his father frequently, one reason was because Adolf was interested in Fine Arts and not business. The view of Germany was not the same interest of Adolf,; he believed in German Nationalism, which would motivate Adolf his whole life. Alois Hitler died while Adolf was still in school, leaving six children with a mother but no father. Adolf’s parents allowed to drop out of school, moving to Vienna to be a water painter and a labor worker. Adolf would then sell all of his paintings and fine works to mostly Jewish shops, giving Adolf the money he needed, until he was forced to be homeless. For several years he was forced to live in a homeless shelter, surviving off what others could give him and his artistic ability. An Austrian citizen,Show MoreRelatedDollar to Fall as World Currency12311 Words   |  50 Pagesspent a significant amount of time and money in the past few months preparing this letter. In short, I want to talk about a specific event that will take place in America s very near future... which could actually bring our country and our way of life to a grinding halt. This looming crisis is related to the financial crisis of 2008... but it is infinitely more dangerous, as I ll explain in this letter. As this problem comes to a head, I expect there to be riots in the streets... arrests on

Adolf Hitler The Most Infamous Man - 1111 Words

Adolf Hitler could very possibly be the most infamous man in history; often associated with genocide, destruction, and unspeakable crime. Between the years 1939 and 1945, Adolf Hitler inflicted pain, suffering, and fear, physically and emotionally, into the people of Europe with his mass killings and inhumane treatment of races he considered inferior to the Aryan race. For these innocent people, this period of time must have been the most terrifying, mind-altering, and life-changing experience. How could any one man come up and apply such sick measures of harm to entire populations of people? How could a human stand to watch other humans suffer? What brought him to decide certain races were inferior to his own? Right from the beginning, Germans took a strong hatred towards the Jews. They blamed them for all the problems in Germany, including their defeat in World War I. With all the blame against them, Jews were heavily persecuted and many fled German territories. The persecution began small. They experienced boycotts or damage to their businesses. Some were openly assaulted. The first idea was to take away the rights of the Jews and therefore purge them from their places in civil service. The ‘Law for the Restoration of a Professional Civil Service,’ as it was called, was meant to remove Jews from many different jobs, from high, state levels, to low, local levels. The Germans wanted to remove them from any positions of power. Germans were determined to push the JewsShow MoreRelatedHitler Adolf Hitler is possibly the most infamous name in history. Undoubtedly the first thing1100 Words   |  5 PagesHitler Adolf Hitler is possibly the most infamous name in history. Undoubtedly the first thing that appears in one’s head at the sound of this horrible name is a swastika, or his mustache. That extremely fashionable way to style one’s facial hair was so easily ruined by one man alone: Hitler. He was a truly evil man. The clearest villain in modern history. How did someone as evil as Hitler rise to power? Surely someone would have stopped him before he rose all the way to emperor of Germany. WeRead MoreAdolf Hitler : The Leader Of The Nazi Party905 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, He was the Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Fà ¼hrer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of the Germany, he started World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was the leader to the Holocaust. Born: Apr 20, 1889 Died: Apr 30, 1945 Height: 5 9 (1.75 m) Spouse: Eva Braun (1945-1945) Children: Jean-Marie Loret (Son) Founded: Nazi Party, Schutzstaffel, Hitler Youth, GestapoRead MoreThe Holocaust, By Robert Burns1121 Words   |  5 Pages Scottish poet, Robert Burns wrote, â€Å"Man’s inhumanity to man makes countless millions mourn.† When looking back on the history of our society, many incidences that reflect this thought clearly. One that stands out to me is the Holocaust. The Holocaust was the â€Å"purification† of Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler from 1939 to 1945. There were millions of people that were cycled through the concentration camps that the Nazis built. The millions of people that were killed are just a small portion of theRead MoreImpact of Nationalism1424 Words   |  6 Pagesself-determination and independence as its primary catalysts. Nationalism can take form in politicians, national leaders, propaganda and mass media. In the last two centuries, the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the emergence of independent nations, the two most influential wars of al l time, World War I and World War II, and the rise of the worlds’ superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union can all be partially attributed to strong sense of nationalism and played an important role in shapingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : The Great Gatsby 966 Words   |  4 Pagesalways a tool used by the righteous, however. It is impossible to cover tremendous persuaders without mentioning a few of the infamous ones also. Persuasion doesn’t perceive good and evil and in the case of Adolf Hitler it was apparent. Born in Braunau am Inn, Austria, on April 20, 1889, Adolf Hitler was the fourth born child of Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl. As a child Hitler often times fought with his father as their opinions often times clashed with their personal ideals and views. 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I believe through a few different articles and books that

Emphasis on Positive Accounting Research

Question: Discuss about the Emphasis on Positive Accounting Research. Answer: Introduction The topic of the article is Positive Accounting Research. The article has laid down the emphasis on Positive accounting research rather than the Positive Accounting theory as applied by the Watts and Zimmerman in a particular accounting theory. Positive accounting theory has been based on the assumption of having the human rational behavior which includes managers, stakeholders, employees, etc. Positive accounting only helps in providing the explanation and predictions about the event or unobserved phenomena. It does not provide any guiding factor to the humans to act in different manner in different situations (Watts and Zimmerman, 1990). Unlike Watts and Zimmerman, the author has considered the positive accounting research as part of the wider scientific project. It will make the readers understand the cause and effect relationship that will happen in the world that has been defined in the study. The accounting is such that in which the behavior of humans may be studied in details with reference to their working in the complex organizations. The aim of the author is to analyze the cause and effect relationship. The main argument with which the article has dealt with is whether the positive accounting research has made meaningful contribution towards the wider scientific project. The paper has been divided into eight different sections. The paper has started with the introduction and giving details of the scientific project. Thereafter examples have been cited for positive research in accounting succeeded by information about the ontology and epistemology of scientific project. After understanding the aims and other factors, the testing is done by using hypothesis and other models. After having the deficiencies in the research program which has been analyzed through the testing, requisite factors are mentioned for having successful research program. Then the gap has been analyzed as to why the positive accounting research is being applied as it is as against a s envisaged in the beginning. The paper then comes to an end with the concluding paragraph stating the suggestions as to which should be done to have an effective research program so as to overcome the deficiencies. With this considerations and aim the paper has been formed and made available to useful readers. The author has stated that the positive accounting research is different from the positive accounting theory as applied by Watts and Zimmerman. It is because the latter has applied the theory in the field of accounting in understanding the human behavior with the assumption of having self centered behavior whereas the author has considered the positive accounting research as part of the huge scientific project (Watts and Zimmerman, 1990). It considers it as science. The aim of the study is to identify the cause and effect relationships along with the contribution towards the scientific project. At first the author has argued the old philosophies of sophists and vague imaginations thereafter he states the importance of human behavior in the study and elaborates the same on step to step basis. These elaborations have been made with the help of real life examples along with the major valuation models including statistical methods. He has argued at various level of study either on the ol d theories of philosophers or on the different models and has majorly argued that only rational human behavior shall not be considered but also the other factors which are non rational shall be considered including financial parameters. He has laid down emphasis on financial parameters and has suggested having different models for analyzing. Thus, in order to summarize the article, the main focus is on the positive accounting research and its being considered as part of scientific project and analyzing how much contribution is made by the research program to the scientific project. Question of Research As per the paper, the question of research program is distinctive of what the author has suggested in the beginning. In the beginning he has mentioned that positive accounting research is considered as part of the wider scientific project with the aim of analyzing the cause and effect relationships in the world as defined in the study. But later it was established that the major research question is that how much contribution the research program made for the wider scientific project. Through the hypothesis, he checked for null hypothesis at given value and with 5%-10% confidence interval. The paper has gained much weight age with the given results. The results have come up the research question. The research question has flowed from the different theories to the different models of valuation. He has emphasized on financial parameters and for the purpose of illustrating the studies auditing literature has been selected as auditor and auditee relationship gives different ways of understanding the human rational behavior and other non rational factors. Throughout the literature of the paper, the research question and all other matters in its context has been carried from one stage to other stage. His research is further encouraged when the he has got an answer of his earlier claims for science as science will never be able to answer X (Sterling R,1990) . This fact has been negated in short period of time which has further increased the confidence of author. He has further along with defining the research question has laid down the importance of positive research program, not only in economics and accounting but also in other field s of study. Theoretical Framework In order to conduct any research or perform any kind of work or function, framework should be present. Framework may be theoretical, practical or customizable. One shall perform within the framework otherwise the work done or will be done in a haphazard manner. Thus, defining the framework before starting or taking up any work is of utmost important in every spheres of work. In the article, theoretical framework has been formed. Theoretical means the involvement of theories in the construction of framework within which the activity needs to be performed or task needs to be undertaken (Christenon C, 1983). The theoretical framework has been prepared by using various theories. In the beginning the author has used the theory of Kuhn who has suggested matrix which helps in solving the puzzles in very fast manner within the group and further rewarding the persons within that group (Kuhn, 1970). Thereafter theory of Lee has been considered due to which the Kuhn theory has gained advantage. After this, author have developed his own imaginative theory consisting of four facts stating: World exists which is out of our imagination Events occurred have causes which are considered as part of the world People in the world obtain information about events Have an understanding of the World under study. Thereafter, theory of sophists have been mentioned who states that nothing exists, if exists than no one know about it and if someone knows then none of them can communicate the fact. After this, agency hypothesis is mentioned where principal and agent relationship has been detailed. Most importantly Poppers model has been mentioned and discussed in detail stating the four step procedure: Observe and develop ideas Develop predictions Test the predictions so developed Replication of second and third steps. Through poppers model various facts and figures have been identified and analyzed. Thereafter, statistical methods have been used. In this way, the theoretical framework has been strong on which the paper has been build and has come out with relevant figures and facts. The Significance and Limitations The paper has gained significance over the years. In the relevant context the paper has gained not only the importance in the field of accounting, economics, and science but also in other fields. The importance has been gained due to the sequence of events that has been listed in the paper starting from the very fact of importance of positive accounting research and ending with the conclusions stating the various suggestions for having the good research program. There are many reasons for having significance. First is the use of different theoretical concepts and development of sound theoretical framework. Second is putting the emphasis not only on the theories but also on the financial parameters by using the logarithm functions and defining the cause and effect relationship with the use of different variable like audit fee, auditor, auditee and quantum of work, etc. Due to above the article has been very useful for understanding the human behavior in different fields. It contains v arious examples and some are of real life like of Pioneer Spacecraft, Kashmir, etc. At some stages author has acknowledged the limitations. For instance at one stage the author has mentioned that the positive accounting research though very useful has not gained much importance because of the fact that the people does not want to understand the world within the cause and effect relationship can be analyzed. Another acknowledgement he has made at the time of describing the Kuhn model where the puzzles are solved fast in a very short period of time and awards are given to the people within that group. He acknowledged that the awards are given irrespective of the fact that whether it contributes to the wider scientific research project or not. With this deficiencies even then the author has mentioned that its Kuhn model which fits into the positive research program being the part of the wider scientific research project (Millen M, 2001). Yes, the author has draw many theoretical conclu sions out of the theoretical framework within which the positive research program has been evaluated and checked how much contribution it has made to the wider scientific project. The limitations that have been acknowledged by the author and other related limitations have affected the significance of article. But the affect is not much that can negate the value of an article in the eyes of the people and person conducting the research. Adding further, the limitation of Kuhn model and acknowledged limitation has to some extent invalidated the findings and observations of the article made by the author. Thus, in totality the article is of utmost importance and has significance as equal to other relevant articles Conclusion As per the beginning of the article, Positive Accounting theory and positive accounting research are both distinct. Positive accounting theory as used by Watts and Zimmerman has explained the rational human behavior in account settings, whereas positive accounting research is research program which is considered as part of the wider scientific project. The author has not only cited the theories of different authors but have also created or invented theories on the basis of his own imagination citing that different kind of world exists and predictions will be there and so on. Apart from that the author has cited the examples from the auditing literature which has further help the author to explain the human behavior in much more clear context. Its because, the auditor and auditee relationship is something different where neither the employer and employee relationship will as countered in different kinds of organization nor there will be the relationship of agent and principal where th e agent is bound to act on the behalf of the principal as per his directions who in return gets the commission. The auditor auditee relationship has laid down some important facts and figures which otherwise cannot be obtained with any kind of human behavior. Also it helps in explaining the cause and effect relationship in the full. The article has adopted various mathematical and statistical measures. It has used the logarithm table and has defined various dependent and independent variables. Most importantly the author has acknowledged the limitations in the study and long with that he has very categorically defined the factors which are required for having successful positive research program. In the concluding paragraph in the article the author has laid down four major suggestion which acts as an eye opener for the readers of the articles. First is to have better theoretical models, second is to have better measurement, third is to have focus on estimation of parameters and fou rth is that there must be extensive replication of process. Thus in the way to conclude, the article has come up with new facts, figures and provided the best ways to have good research program. References Watts R. and Zimmerman L. (1990), Positive Accounting Theory : A Ten YearPerspective,availableon https://faculty.etsu.edu/pointer/watts%26zimmerman2.pdf accessed on 14/12/2016. Milne M, (2001), Positive Accounting Theory, Political Costs and Social Disclosure Analysis : A Critical Look, available on https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.199.7620rep=rep1type=pdf accessed on 13/12/2016. Outline of Positive Accounting Theory available on www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/management/acctfin/courses/.../group84.doc accessed on 13/12/2016. Sterling R, (1990), Positive Accounting : An Assessment , ABACUS, pages 98-130 Christenson C, (1983), The methodology of positive accounting. The Accounting Review 58 (1), 1-22. Kuhn T. S., (1970), The structure of scientific revolutions, 2nd Edition, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Harry Potter And Sorcerer Stone By Rowling Essays - Fiction

Harry Potter And Sorcerer Stone By Rowling Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone by J.K. Rowling is a children's novel about a young boy, Harry Potter, and his adventures at Hogwarts, a school for wizards and witches. The novel is filled with humorous tales of exciting escapades in and around the school. There are many characters in the novel, and they do not always get along well. They make fun of each other and judge each other by a certain set of standards. Some of these standards include wealth, intelligence, family and athletic ability. These are all superficial ways of judging people. Being a children's author, Rowling shows her readers other, more important ways of categorizing others through less apparent methods. These true values that she emphasizes are judging others by their character and heart. The false values by which children judge each other are more blatant in the novel because they are illustrated through conversation instead of actions. The main ways that they judge each other are: financial status, family background (Muggle or wizard), house affiliation, intelligence and athletic ability. Almost every character has some good values and some bad values in the novel. By illustrating the characters with faults, Rowling makes them more realistic and believable. The first skin deep value used to measure the status of a character is money. Just as in the real world, some people have more money than others. One character that seems to be very well off in the wizard world is Draco Malfoy. He has all of the newest and nicest books and school supplies on the first day. His owl is of the nicest breed. When the students receive mail at meals, Malfoy frequently receives packages of goodies from his family and he is not humble about it. He is quite a contrast to Ron Weasley and his family. Ron comes from a poor family. Everything he brings to school with him seems to be a hand-me-down. Ron says, "you never get anything new, either, with five brothers. I've got Bill's old robes, Charlie's old wand, and Percy's old rat." (p. 100). Malfoy likes to use this weakness to make fun of Ron. He makes comments such as, "What would you know about it, Weasley, you couldn't afford half the handle" when Harry gets a new broom (p. 165). Later, when they run into Hagrid, Malfoy says to Ron, "Are you trying to earn some extra money, Weasley...that hut of Hagrid's must seem like a palace compared to what your family's used to" (pp. 195-196). These are very cruel comments, but money is not the only way that Malfoy judges others. Family background is the second shortsighted way of judging people in the book. Whether a character comes from a Muggle family, a pure Wizard family or a mix between the two seems to play an important role in the book. For example, Draco Malfoy is from a pure Wizard family and he takes great pride in it. He often judges others by this measure. On the train to Hogwarts he says to Harry, "You'll soon find out some wizarding families are much better than others, Potter. You don't want to go making friends with the wrong sort." (p. 108). Harry has Wizard parents, but he has lived with Muggles his whole life so he has no experience in wizardry at all. Harry's friend, Hermione Granger, is from a pure Muggle family. For this reason, Malfoy makes fun of her on more than one occasion. Ron is also from a pure Wizard family, but he does not make fun of those who are not. There are still other shallow ways of judging others. One of these ways is which house each person belongs to. Each person is assigned to a house when they get to Hogwarts. There is much competition between the houses, but the greatest competition is between Gryffindor and Slytherin. When introducing the houses the Sorting Hat says, "you might belong in Gryffindor, where dwell the brave at heart, their daring, nerve, and chivalry set Gryffindor apart;... or perhaps in Slytherin you'll make your real friends, those cunning folk use any means to achieve their ends." (p. 118). Slytherin has a history of having its members from pure Wizard families and of winning the House Cup many times. Draco Malfoy is part of that house. However, it is not necessarily the best house. There have also been a number of bad Wizards that belonged to that house. Voldemort, a master at dark arts came from

French Noun Endings Can Be a Telltale Sign of Gender

French Noun Endings Can Be a Telltale Sign of Gender French gender  is a headache for many students of French. Why is manteau masculine and montre feminine? Why is  tà ©moin  always masculine and  victime  always feminine? As vexing as this subject is for nonnative speakers, we simply have to accept that French gender is here to stay. In fact, consider yourself lucky that youre studying French; in German and Latin, for instance, youd have to learn three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), and in still other languages, it gets even more complicated. It might help to know that grammatical  gender (what were discussing here) has nothing to do with natural gender, which is actual, physical gender of living beings. Linguist Andrew Livingston tells us grammatical gender is a way of classing nouns thats older than recorded history. Its deeply embedded in the DNA of an array of Indo-European languages that trace their lineage to a common ancestor, which probably needed to differentiate between the animate and the inanimate. In French, theres simply no way to know the gender of every single noun other than by memorizing the gender of each. There are, however, certain patterns in suffixes and word endings that are a tip-off. As you can see by the number of exceptions here, these gender patterns are not foolproof indicators, but they can help. Before we begin, a couple of notes: We try to list the most common and, thus, most useful exceptions; we avoid obscure exceptions. Also, to avoid confusion, we do not list  dual-gender nouns.   French Masculine Nouns Here are some suffixes that usually indicate masculine nouns, as well as some important exceptions. -ageExceptions: la cage, une image, la nage, la page, la plage, la rage -b -bleExceptions: une cible, une à ©table, une fable, une table -cException: la fac (apocope of la facultà ©) -cleException: une boucle -d -deExceptions: la bride, la merde, la mà ©thode, la pinà ¨de; -ade, -nde, -ude endings -à ©Exceptions: la clà ©, la psychà ©; sà ©, tà ©, and tià © endings -eauExceptions: leau, la peau -à ¨geException: la Norvà ¨ge -et -eurNote:  This applies mainly to names of professions and mechanical or scientific things; also see -eur in the list of feminine endings. -fExceptions: la soif, la clef, la nef -iExceptions: la foi, la fourmi, la loi, la paroi -ing -isme -k -lException: une roseval -mException: la faim -meExceptions: une alarme, une à ¢me, une arme, la cime, la coutume, la crà ¨me, là ©cume, une à ©nigme, une estime, une ferme, une firme, une forme, une larme, une plume, une rame, une rime, -mme ending -mentException: une jument -nExceptions: la faà §on, la fin, la leà §on, la main, la maman, la ranà §on; -son and -ion endings -oExceptions: la dactylo, la dynamo, la libido, la mà ©tà ©o, la moto, la steno (most of these are apocopes of longer feminine words) -oir -one -ou -p -rExceptions: la chair, la cour, la cuiller, la mer, la tour (see feminine -eur) -sExceptions: la brebis, la fois, une oasis, la souris, la vis -steExceptions: la liste, la modiste, la piste; names for people like un(e) artiste, un(e) nudiste, etc. -tExceptions: la burlat, la dent, la dot, la forà ªt, la jument, la mort, la nuit, la part, la plupart, la ziggourat -treExceptions: la fenà ªtre, une huà ®tre, la lettre, la montre, la rencontre, la vitre -uExceptions: leau, la peau, la tribu, la vertu -xExceptions: la croix, la noix, la paix, la toux, la voix Feminine Noun Endings Here are some suffixes that usually indicate feminine nouns, as well as some important exceptions. Remember, we list here the most common endings, because these will be the most useful for you to know. -aceExceptions: un ace, un palace -adeExceptions: le grade, le jade, le stade -aleExceptions: un chà ¢le, un pà ©tale, un scandale -ance -beExceptions: un cube, un globe, un microbe, un tube, un verbe -ceExceptions: un artifice, un armistice, un appendice, le bà ©nà ©fice, le caprice, le commerce, le dentifrice, le divorce, un exercice, un office, un orifice, un prà ©cipice, un prince, un sacrifice, un service, le silence, le solstice, le supplice, un vice -cà ©Exception: un crustacà © -eNote:  Most countries and names that end in e are feminine. -eeException: un pedigree -à ©eExceptions: un apogà ©e, un lycà ©e, un musà ©e, un pà ©rigà ©e, un trophà ©e -esse -eurNote: This applies mainly to abstract qualities and emotions, except le bonheur, lextà ©rieur, lhonneur, lintà ©rieur, le malheur, le meilleur. Also see -eur  on the list of masculine endings. -feException: le golfe -ieExceptions: un incendie, le foie, le gà ©nie, le parapluie, le sosie -ià ¨reExceptions: larrià ¨re, le cimetià ¨re, le derrià ¨re -ineExceptions: le capitaine, le domaine, le moine, le magazine, le patrimoine -ionExceptions: un avion, un bastion, un billion, un camion, un cation, un dominion, un espion, un ion, un lampion, un lion, un million, le morpion, un pion, un scion, un scorpion, un trillion -iqueExceptions: un graphique, un pà ©riphà ©rique -ireExceptions: un auditoire, un commentaire, un dictionnaire, un directoire, un horaire, un itinà ©raire, livoire, un laboratoire, un navire, un pourboire, le purgatoire, le rà ©pertoire, le salaire, le sommaire, le sourire, le territoire, le vocabulaire -ise -iteExceptions: lanthracite, un ermite, le granite, le graphite, le mà ©rite, lopposite, le plà ©biscite, un rite, un satellite, un site, un termite -lleExceptions: le braille, un gorille, un intervalle, un mille, un portefeuille, le vaudeville, le vermicelle, le violoncelle -mmeExceptions: un dilemme, un gramme, un programme -ndeException: le monde -nne -oleExceptions: le contrà ´le, le monopole, le rà ´le, le symbole -rreExceptions: le beurre, le parterre, le tonnerre, le verre -seExceptions: un carosse, un colosse, le gypse, linverse, un malaise, un pamplemousse, un parebrise, le suspense -sà ©Exceptions: un exposà ©, un opposà © -sion -sonExceptions: un blason, un blouson -tà ©Exceptions: un arrà ªtà ©, le comità ©, le comtà ©, le cà ´tà ©, un dà ©putà ©, un à ©tà ©, le pà ¢tà ©, le traità © -tià © -tionException: le bastion -udeExceptions: le coude, un interlude, le prà ©lude -ueException: un abaque -uleExceptions: le prà ©ambule, le scrupule, le tentacule, le testicule, le và ©hicule, le ventricule, le vestibule ï » ¿-ureExceptions: le centaure, le cyanure, le dinosaure, le murmure

Aviation security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aviation security - Essay Example It promotes the growth of business activities such as tourism and import and export of goods and services. The primary objective of policy document entails addressing the issues related to security threats in Alexandria International airport in order to improve security (Kirsch & Rockwell, paras.1-3). Security should be as a paramount issue by the management of the airport. The management should play a proactive role in addressing security matters. Cases of accidents should be properly investigated, as the industry regulators require it. These investigations should be carried out in a free and fair manner to build trust of the concerned parties. Alexandria International Airport should liaise with private investigators whose responsibility will be to verify the authenticity of investigative reports (Department of Transport, Pg. 8). The airport needs to invest in the modern state of art security apparatus that will help mitigate the number of accidents and terrorism activities. However, prudence must be applied in purchasing such equipment, and procurement procedures have to be strictly adhered to. Procurement procedures ensure that procuring entities get the value for their money when they purchase commodities. The functionality of the equipment is another vital element that should be put in place to ascertain whether they have been designed to control insecurity. It may also help to determine whether they can counter breaches in security. Their strategy is meant to ensure that the airport is well prepared to contain emerging security breaches in time (Department of Transport, Pg 10). A major issue of concern with the airline industry is on environmental pollution. The industry has been accused of being irresponsible in protecting the environment. Carbon levels released from the industry have been increased hence depleting the ozone layer. The trickle down effect has been an increase in the number of cancer cases caused by

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-commerce - Essay Example The changes brought about by the Internet have even broader implications. With the advent of Internet technology, every company becomes a global company, with the means and opportunity to buy and sell from, or strike an alliance with, any company, anywhere, anytime. This golden opportunity brings with it a level of complexity that surpasses anything that all but the most far-flung global enterprises have experienced to date. The recent explosion of information and information technology (IT) has induced corporate management to utilize its ingenuity in creating the best available means to manage the flow of information, control flow channels, and integrate the different assets (both hardware and software) of IT utilized by the different departments and divisions of the corporation. As companies invest heavily in information-based systems, they are vesting more (Cunningham 23-24). Like many processes, the design of a web site can be broken down into simple steps, and each step can then be further broken down in to tasks and actions. Most researches are based on the principle that most large projects can be reduced to ‘bite-sized chunks’, thus reducing the fear factor and avoiding the sense of being overwhelmed by the gargantuan nature of the task ahead (Coltman 57). Creating an action plan, setting achievable targets within sensible deadlines, and distributing responsibility appropriately, will ensure that the project moves forwards as smoothly as possible. There are four basic stages through which the planner has to move to create an effective project plan: awareness, familiarity, understanding and readiness (Eisenberg et al 38). The web is a publishing and communication medium, and as such it needs to be focused on the audience. As with any strategic development, the company should conduct some basic market research prior to the web site development. This will help keep the company planning process focused on the customer and demonstrate that the company is aware of the wider environment in which web site exists. There are many research tools and services on the web that can assist the company with this process (Eisenberg et al 49). When setting up a web site or e-business, the company should do as much research as it can to find out who is offering similar services on-line (and off-line). It is crucial to use search engines, company lists, newsgroups and word of mouth to get as much information on competitors as the company possibly can. Most importantly, the company should not stop researching once the e-company/dotcom is off the ground. It is important to carry on researching and refining (Nielsen 30). For organizations creating a new brand, or launching themselves on to the web for the first time, the selection of an effective domain name can be a difficult process. All the 'good' names seem to have gone, and the organization's preferred domain name might have been taken by someone with no apparent claim to that name (Lucas 98). Trademark and copyright issues aside, choosing a domain name is often simpler than many organizations think: the most important aspects are that it should be memorable, and easy to spell and type. Issues relating to brand reinforcement and literal, descriptive names are secondary, and can be dealt with by effective marketing and explanatory text on the web

Arthur Conan Doyle reveals Holmes Essay Example for Free

Arthur Conan Doyle reveals Holmes Essay Examine how Arthur Conan Doyle reveals Holmes character and his relationship with the police. Sherlock Holmes was created by Conan-Doyle in 1887. When Arthur Conan-Doyles character, Sherlock Holmes surfaced, London in the era of Queen Victoria was an intriguing place to live. At this time, Victorian people feared crime greatly due to the prostitution, drug abuse but mainly an infamous murderer, Jack the ripper. This brutal murderer was loose on the streets of London attacking vulnerable women savagely with a sharp, long-bladed weapon, this panicked many women due to the fact that the polices methods were seen as inefficient; therefore would rarely solve the cases by catching the ruthless villains. Many Victorians had little if no faith for the police in London, as they did not appear to be protecting the public. On the other hand, Holmes, who is an excellent detective, is well known for his use of logic and observational understanding to unravel complicated cases. He described himself as a consulting detective an expert who is brought in to cases that have proven too difficult for other investigators; we are told that he is often able to solve a problem without leaving his home. This is prodigious as Holmes was actually an amateur detective, not a member of the London police force. The purpose of this essay is therefore to show Holmes character and his relationship with the police. In some cases Holmes breaks the law, in others he does not. One example of when he doesnt is in Silver Blaze; Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson pay a visit to their old friends the Baskervilles and find themselves in the middle of a mystery involving a missing horse and its dead trainer. Doyle reveals through his writing that Holmess character is very egotistical. This is shown many times throughout the story: I follow my own methods and tell as much or as little as I choose. Here, Holmes is being very demanding showing that he does not have much respect for other people; this is very shocking as Watson is not only a companion but most importantly a friend too. I think Doyle does this to ensure Holmes is referred to as a very dominant character in addition to being arrogant and making people feel small and unimportant. Doyle through his use of language creates Holmess character to have a greater intelligence over the police. Doyle uses sarcasm to show this: Inspector Gregory, to whom the case has been committed, is a very competent officer, were he but gifted with the imagination he might rise to great heights during his profession. This also shows that Holmes has no faith in the inspector in solving the case as Doyle uses the word might to show the sarcasm therefore implying that he has no hope for the police in cracking the mystery. This same egotistical behavior towards the police is also repeated later on when Holmes says See the value of imagination; it is the one quality which Gregory lacks. As this is repeated in his writing it reveals that Doyle is trying to emphasize Holmess views of the police as being incompetent. Furthermore, Holmes relationship with the police is very argumentative. Holmes is always mocking the police by acting witty. This is shown when Holmes says The inspector here has done all that he could possibly be suggested; but I wish to leave no stone unturned in trying to avenge poor Straker, and in recovering my horse. Doyle uses this sarcastic language to reveal Holmes true disrespectful manner and arrogance towards the police. In addition to that Holmes finds great pleasure in finding the clues way before the police are anywhere near. When the inspector says I cannot think how I came to overlook it, Holmes replies I only saw it because I was looking for it! Doyle, with the use of that language implies that Holmes was actually observing the murder scene, whereas the inspector did not think to do that. To Holmes, using his logic and observational understanding is general common sense, this is one of the reasons how Holmes makes the detectives feel incapable of their job in which they specialize in.

Analysis of the Paul Cronan Case Essay -- Legal Analysis Discriminatio

Analysis of the Paul Cronan Case I. Legal Analysis, Issue 1 Issue: Does party bringing suit (Plaintiff – Paul Cronan) qualify under the ADA for disability? Rule: In Review of ADA and the principles set forth at that time, there are several relevancies to consider here. A disability is described as follows: â€Å"For purposes of nondiscrimination laws (e.g. the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Section 188 of the Workforce Investment Act), a person with a disability is generally defined as someone who (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more "major life activities," (2) has a record of such an impairment, or (3) is regarded as having such an impairment. Have a severe disability (or combination of disabilities) that has lasted, or is expected to last, at least 12 months or result in death, and which prevents working at a "substantial gainful activity" level. State vocational rehabilitation (VR) offices will find a person with a disability to be eligible for VR services if he or she has a physical or mental impairment that constitutes or results in a "substantial impediment" to employment for the applicant. Some of these definitions include words or phrases that have been the subject of lawsuits, as individuals, agencies, and courts try to clarify the terms used in some of these definitions of disability. If you want to find out if a particular disability or condition gives you certain rights, contact the federal or state agency To be found disabled for purposes of Social Security disability benefits, individuals must that enforces the law in question. If you want to find out if you qualify for a particular program or service, contact the federal or state agency that administers the program to find out the specifics of the disability definition they use.† This information is readily available on the World Wide Web at the following l ink: http://www.dol.gov/odep/faqs/federal.htm Analysis: Does the disease of AIDS/ARC/HIV qualify as a disabling condition under the ADA requirements? Is this disease and the effects it has on capacity for life activities a disability? Yes, now, since 1998, when the U.S. Supreme Court decided the case of Bragdon v. Abbott, the disease of HIV/AIDS does indeed qualify as a disability. However, this is legislation to late for Paul Cr... ...he hostile environment that was occurring was in direct relation to the violated privacy of Mr. Cronan. NET internal management it is believed could see for itself the exact nature of the harassment and fear problem. NET failed to recognize or react to either situation. It is imperative to understand that NET was liable for its employees but the employees, as individuals were also liable for their actions. NET lacked the system controls necessary to keep the company liability to a minimum on this issue. Usually with failures such as these, the system internal controls are this company is lacking the most. Ethical behavior among management is key to ethical behavior among employees. Overall Conclusions: After review of the legal and ethical implications associated with the Paul Cronan Case, we need to understand that the laws in place today to protect someone in Mr. Cronan’s situation were not in place at the time of incident. AIDS/HIV were not considered a disability until many years after this occurred. The Company NET did indeed violate the employee’s rights. NET compromised Mr. Cronan, both ethically and legally. Mr. Cronan was within his rights to file suit against NET.

Jonathan Edwards Essay

Jonathan Edwards uses an effective method called the â€Å"fire and brimstone† approach, which basically used scare tactics to keep people from straying away from the church. Jonathan Edwards was a master at using literary devices, which horrified but intrigued his audience. He (Edwards) wrote in second person to make each individual feel responsible for their own sins, this strategy allowed Edwards to speak to large groups. Edwards also used extended metaphors to help his audience realize the full extent of their sins. An example of this imagery is, â€Å" The wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for the present; they increase more and more, and rise higher and higher till an outlet is given; and the longer the stream is stopped, the more rapid and mighty the course, when once it is let loose.† (Sinners 1). This metaphor shows the extent that Edwards goes to show parishioners of what God is capable of doing to the Human race if they do not seek salvation. Edwards uses bandwagon appeal to keep people from leaving the church. He believed that if he could convince enough people that the church is the only way to receive the â€Å"grace of god† that it would lead to a mass movement; if enough people went that the rest would follow in their footsteps. Edwards tries to persuade people to return to church by stating that those who attend are happy, â€Å"To see so many others feasting, while you are pinning and perishing! To see so many rejoicing and singing for joy of heart, while you have cause to mourn for sorrow of heart, and howl for vexation of spirit!† (Sinners 1). This method proved to be effective because people returned to the church, they feared for the outcome of their life and sought forgiveness just as their neighbors did. Jonathan Edwards’s beliefs and ideas began to affect people’s everyday lives and restore the church to its former glory. Jonathan Edwards believes that it is man’s duty to serve God in all aspects. He expresses his view that every man has the will to decide what is right from wrong, good from evil and what God would expect from a devout believer in his book Freedom of the Will. This book essentially breaks down what man desires and the choices man can make, he exposes how all these actions are relevant to the after life. Edwards tries to show that earthly matters will not a provide eternal happiness and that a man’s life on Earth is a time to prove his worthiness for judgment day by proclaiming â€Å"†¦but look at other things, as the good state of your bodily constitution, your care of your own life, and the means you use for your own preservation. But indeed these things are nothing† (sinners 1). Jonathan Edwards is known for his vivid depictions of what God’s wrath would be like. This dark imagery gave the public an idea of what their eternal punishment would be like if they did not conform to the holy life of the church. The imagery horrified people because it made people believe that God could damn each and every person to Hell for their sins. An example of the dark imagery is â€Å"The bow of God’s wrath is bent, and the arrow made ready on the string, and justice bends the arrow at your heart, and strains the bow, and it is nothing but the mere pleasure of God, and that of an angry God, without any promise or obligation at all, that keeps the arrow one moment from being made drunk with your blood†. (Sinners 1). By saying this Edwards strikes fear into the listener. Edwards often uses repetition to emphasize his condemnation on society for their lack of faith in the church. For example â€Å"You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder; and you have no interest in any Mediator, and nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing of your own, nothing that you ever have done, nothing that you can do, to induce God to spare you one moment† (sinners 1). He stresses the word â€Å"nothing† to show that all are helpless and to further belittle each individual. Edwards also repeats the word â€Å" you† to make each person feel responsible for their actions and to single out each individual. Edwards also ensures that each line in his sermons are threatening to create a sense of an ultimatum; conform to the church or burn in Hell for all eternity. â€Å"Your wickedness makes you as it were heavy as lead, and to tend downwards with great weight and pressure towards hell; and if God should let you go, you would immediately sink and swiftly descend and plunge into the bottomless gulf, and your healthy constitution, and your own care and prudence, and best contrivance, and all your righteousness, would have no more influence to uphold you and keep you out of hell, than a spider’s web would have to stop a falling rock† (sinners 1). This quote shows how Edwards creates a sense of hope for the parishioners but when further analyzed it has a very negative and damning connotation. Edwards tries to portray his belief that God only lets you live because it pleasures him. This provides false hope but in reality he is saying that there is no way for anyone to be saved.

Network Opimisation Problems And Forecasting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2470 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The Makonsel Company, a fully integrated company that both produces and sells goods at its retail outlets. After production, the goods are stored in companys two warehouses until needed by the retail outlets. Trucks are used to transport the goods from the two plants to the warehouses, and then from the warehouses to the three retail outlets. Using units of full truckloads, the following table shows each plants monthly output, its shipping cost per truckload sent to each warehouse, and the maximum amount that it can ship per month to each warehouse. Unit Shipping Cost For each retail outlet (RO), the next table shows its monthly demand, its shipping cost per truckload from each warehouse, and the maximum amount that can be shipped per month from each warehouse. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Network Opimisation Problems And Forecasting" essay for you Create order Unit Shipping Cost The Managements objective is to determine the shipping plan (number of truckloads shipped per month from each plant to each warehouse and from each warehouse to each retail outlet) that will minimise the total shipping cost. In order to achieve the objective, the following issues will be discussed : The distribution network of Makonsel Company, algebraic formulation for the network model, spreadsheet formulation for this problem by using the solver of excel and interpretation and recommendation of the result. The distribution network A network model for the Makonsel Company problem as a minimum-cost flow problem According to the data from the table above we put it into a distribution network. The supply nodes in this network are P1 (plant1) and P2 (plant2), the transshipment nodes are W1 (warehouse1) and W2 (warehouse2) and the demand nodes in this network are RO1, RO2 and RO3. And the shipping cost and the shipping capacity differ considerably among these shipping lanes. The cost per unit shipped and the maximum amount that it can ship per month (given in square brackets of the arc) through each lane is shown above corresponding arrow in the above Figure. Algebraic Formulation Solution: Decision variables Makonsel must determine how much to ship per month from each plant to each warehouse and from each warehouse to each retail outlet. Let Xij = Number of truckloads to ship from i to j (i = P1, P2; j = W1, W2). Let Xjk =Number of truckloads to ship from j to k (j =W1, W2 k=RO1, RO2, RO3). Then Makonsels problem may be formulated as Objective: Subject to: The first five constraints ensure that each retail outlet is meet their monthly demand, and the 2 Sources constraints are ensure that each plants monthly output and the last 10 ensure the maximum amount that can be shipped per month. Spreadsheet Formulation After we finished the algebraic formulation, we can transform them to spreadsheet, and using the solver of Excel to work out the distribution problem. The spreadsheet formulations are all showed in the graph below. A spreadsheet model for the Makonsel Company minimum-cost flow problem, where the changing cells (C4:C13) show the optimal solution obtained by the Solver and the target cell (E15) gives the resulting total cost of the flow through the network. Interpretation and Recommendation The optimal solution for the Makonsel Company problem, where the shipping amounts are shown in parentheses over the arrows By using excel we can calculate the minimum total shipping cost of Makonsel Company is  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡488.125. In order to make the minimum total monthly shipping cost of  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡488.125, the Makonsel Company should first transport 125 truckloads per month from plant 1to warehouse 1 and 75 units to warehouse 2. And ship 175 truckloads per month from plant 2 to warehouse 1, ship 125 truckloads per month to warehouse2. After that the retail outlet1, retail outlet 2 and retail outlet 3 should get 100 truckloads, 50 truckloads and 100 truckloads from warehouse 1 respectively. And should separately transport 50 truckloads, 150 truckloads and 50 truckloads from warehouse 2 to retail outlet1, retail outlet 2 and retail outlet 3. As we have known the shipping cost per truckload from each plant and each warehouse from the table. Thus the Minimum Cost= 425*125+560*75+510*125+600*175+470*100+505*50 +490*100+390*50+410*150+440*50 =488,125 Conclusion Determined the shipping plan which can minimise the total shipping cost is the management objective of Makonsel Company. By building the distribution network , formulating the constraints and calculating the result through using the solver of excel , Makonsel Company successfully solve the distribution network problem and construct the shipping plan with the minimum total shipping cost of  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡488.125. Forecasting Introduction The time-series below relates to the Sales of a company (00s) for the last five years. The objective is to use the information contained in the time-series data above to construct a forecast of the next four quarters sales. In order to achieve the objective, the following issues will be discussed: Analysis this time-series, Detrend a Time-Series and construct the Seasonal Indices by MINITAB, Forecasting the next four quarters sales and use measures to identify the forecast accuracy, Reservations about the appropriateness of the forecasting procedure used. Time-series Analysis Main characteristics of this time-series The first step in any forecasting exercise is to plot a graph of the time-series. We transfer the data from the table to Minitab and use the time series plot-simple of Minitab to make the graph, since the time-series was recorded in quarter, so we choose the quarter of calendar in time scale. The plot of this time-series looks like: Form the graph above We can roughly find out that there is a decreasing trend over time, a clear quarterly seasonal effect and it is a table time series, the pattern is regular with little random noise. With the purpose of confirming the characteristics of the time-series, we use the cantered moving averages (CMA). Since the CMA is the average and smoothed data of the actual figures, which is much easier for us to determine the characteristics of the time-series, we use this plot instead. As the time-series was recorded in quarters and with quarterly seasonal effect so the length of moving average is 4, and chose the moving averages, plot the g raph smoothed vs. actual. Negative Trend Structure, an decreasing trend over time It is a negative trend structure. Look at the smoothed line of this time-series, as at the beginning of the time-series the sales of this company is about 485 ,however , it keeps decreasing and from about 485 down to around 478 to roughly 471 and finally it decrease to around 405. A clear seasonal structure , additive seasonal structure It can be seen from the graph above that there is a clear quarterly seasonal structure, for each quarter 1 the actual observed value is about 13 units below the trend value. For quarters 2, 3 4 estimating from the graph the actual observed values are 30 above, 22 above and 23 below the estimated trend values. Seasonal Structures: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 -13 30 22 -23 These are estimates of the seasonal indices; and also in this case, for a given variable the quarter 1 is 13 units below trend, quarter 2, 3 are 30 units and 22 units above trend, quarter 4 is 23 units below trend. And it can be seen from the graph above, seasonal deviation is constant about the trend so this seasonal structure is additive. A table time series, the pattern is regular with little random noise The graph of Moving average plot for sales above shows us that the pattern is regular with little random noise, it decreasing stability of the seasonal pattern, and also from the smoothed line we can find that the series reduce stability, from about 485 down to around 478 to roughly 471, ect. No more than 10units lower. Model the time-series QUADRATIC TREND MODELS There are two trend models ,one is linear trend model (Trend = a + b*t ) and the other is Quadratic trend model (Trend = a + b*t + ct2 ), and as we have been calculated the Cantered Moving Average (CMA)above, which is the average and smoothed line of the actual sales, so by using the CMA, we can use value of these two models to compare with the value of CMA, and then choose the model which the value is much closer to the CMA as our forecasting model. There are three commonly used measures of forecast accuracy: Mean Square Deviation (MSD), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). And the smaller the data is, the more accurate of the forecast. And it can be seen from the graph above that the Quadratic Trend Model, MAPE=0.43297, MAD=1.91172, MSD = 5.44313, and to the Linear Trend Model, MAPE=0.51281, MAD=2.21232, MSD = 7.74838. The data of the Quadratic Trend Model are all smaller than the Linear Trend Model, which means that the value of quadratic t rend model is much closer than value of the CMA; the quadratic trend model is much more accurate than the linear trend model, so choose the quadratic trend model to forecast. Detrend a Time-Series and construct SI of MINITAB Detrend a Time-Series Detrend a Time-Series, which means Sales-Trend (DIV), the gap between the actual sales and the forecast sales. After we have decided to take the quadratic model to forecast, we can record the data as the trend data, and the plot the graph above to compare with the sales and trend. And use the actual sales data minus the forecast one we can Detrend a Time-Series. As the graph shows us above the DIV1=472-500.367=-28.3673, DIV2=516-493.333=22.6674, DIV3=507-486.459=20.5414, DIV4=462-479.745=-17.7454, etc. By using the Minitab, we can use the calculator to figure the result. Construct the Seasonal Indices by MINITAB As Seasonal Indices is the quarter average of DIV, after we have calculated the DIV, we can use MINITAB to construct the seasonal indices. And in the MINITAB, we use the decomposition to figure out the SI. As we have described before that the sales trend of this company is additive and seasonal and the data were recorded in quarter, so the seasonal indices is four quarters as a unit, the seasonal length is 4 and the model type is additive. And Seasonal Indices is the average of each quarter of DIV, so the seasonal indices can be calculated as below: Quarter1=SI1= (DIV1+DIV5+DIV9+DIV13+DIV17)/5= -24.0937 Quarter2=SI2= (DIV2+DIV6+DIV10+DIV14+DIV18)/5=20.4062 Quarter3=SI3= (DIV3+DIV7+DIV11+DIV15+DIV19)/5=17.2812 Quarter4=SI4= (DIV4+DIV8+DIV12+DIV16+DIV20)/5=-13.5937 Since seasonal indices is the average of each quarter of DIV so SI is quarterly cycle, the value of SI5 will equal to the value of SI1, SI6=SI2, etc. And also it can be seen from graph above that the S I is quarterly cycle. Forecasting and measures of forecast accuracy Future Forecast As the Future Forecast equal Future Trend plus Future Seasonal Indices, so first we should use the CMA to calculate the future trend of the next four quarters. Since the CMA is the average and the smoothed data of the actual data, using the data of CMA can let forecast more accuracy. And the time-series is seasonal structure of quarter, so the number of forecast is 4. And we use trend analysis to calculate the future trend. After we figure out the future trend, copy the first four Seasonal Indices (SI is quarterly cycle) which we have calculated before (-24.0937, 20.4062, 17.2812, -13.5937), as Future Seasonal Indices. And then use the FTrend and FSI to figure out the Future Forecast value (FFC=FTrend+FSI). After figure out the FFC, copy them after the FC to plot a forecast. The plot of time series of sales and forecast looks like: So the next four quarters; Q1, Q2, Q3 Q4 of 2009 are: Q1=366.116, Q2=406.796, Q3=400.011, Q4=365.637 Measures of forecast accuracy After we calculate the forecasts for the next four quarters, we need to know whether the forecast is accurate or not, so we use the three commonly used measures of forecast accuracy: MSD, MPE and MAD to check the forecasts. i. Mean Square Deviation: MSD = S (Xt Ft)2/n ii. Mean Absolute Deviation: MAD = S |Xt Ft| /n iii. Mean Percentage Error: MPE = S |(Xt Ft)/Xt| /n Since all of measures above need the value of Xt Ft (error), so we should calculate the error first. Error = Sales-FC, in the Minitab we use calculator to figure it out. After calculated the error, we can figure out the value of accuracy. MSD = S (Xt Ft)2/n MAD = S |Xt Ft| /n MPE = S |(Xt Ft)/Xt| /n And for this forecast the MSD=29.3526, MAD=4.69560, MPE=1.08963. As we all know for each forecast indicator, the lower value, the higher prediction accuracy. And usually we use the MPE to confirm the accuracy. Lets look at the MPE, the value of MPE is equal to 1.08963%, though the value of M PE is slightly higher than 1%, it close to 1%, the forecast is still accuracy. Reservation In this forecasting procedure we faced two choices, one is determined the seasonal structure of the time-series, determining whether the seasonal structure is additive or multiplicative. And the other one is to confirm the trend model, choosing the linear model or the quadratic model. The choice we make will affect the accuracy of forecasting. Additive or Multiplicative In this forecasting, we analysis the time-series as additive seasonal structure by using method below ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡ Seasonal Structures: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 -13 30 22 -23 In this case ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢for a given variable the quarter 1 is 13 units below trend, quarter 2 is 30 units above trend, etc. This is an Additive Seasonal Index. Alternatively we could have expressed the index as follows: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 -13% 30% 22% -23% Here the quarter 1 data is 13% below the trend value, or more conventionally 87% of trend, similarly for the other quarters. It is conventional to express this Seasonal Index as: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 87% 130% 122% 77% This is called a Multiplicative Seasonal Index and if the seasonal deviation is proportional to the trend then the seasonal structure is multiplicative. In this case we preferred the additive seasonal structure as the time-series constant about the trend, but in fact it could proportional to the trend and become the multiplicative seasonal structure in the future, so we should make appropriate adjustments base on the future data. Linear or Quadratic model In this case, we modeled the time-series as quadratic model due to the data the company provided closer to the quadratic model now, however, with the future data the model may be transformed into the linear model. Conclusion The objective of the company is to use time-series data to construct a forecast of the next four quarters sales. So as to do the forecast first we analysed the time-series to determine main characteristics of this time-series and modeled it, then found out the difference between the sales and trend to construct the seasonal indices, after that did the forecasting and to identify whether the forecast accurate or not by using the MAD, MSD and MPE. And the next four quarters sales of this company are Q1=366.116, Q2=406.796, Q3=400.011, Q4=365.637. However, during the forecasting procedure we should also consider about the choice we have made whether to choose additive or multiplicative, the linear model or the quadratic model will affect the accuracy of forecasting.